Tracd
Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server. It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer.
Pros
- Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install Apache or any other web-server.
- Fast: Should be almost as fast as the mod_wsgi version (and much faster than the CGI), especially since the HTTP/1.1 version of the protocol is enabled by default.
- Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in auto_reload mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code, for example in Trac itself or in a plugin.
Cons
- Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd.
Usage examples
A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/)
$ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project
Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than localhost only. To truly limit it use the --hostname option.
$ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project
With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/)
$ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
You can't have the last portion of the path identical between the projects since Trac uses that name to keep the URLs of the different projects unique. So if you use /project1/path/to and /project2/path/to, you will only see the second project.
An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the -e option. The example above could be rewritten:
$ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to
There is support for the HTTPS protocol (Since 1.3.4). Specify the path to the PEM certificate file and keyfile using the --certfile and --keyfile options. You can specify just the --certfile option if you have a combined key and certificate.
To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use CTRL-BREAK. Using CTRL-C will leave a Python process running in the background.
Installing as a Windows Service
Option 1
To install as a Windows service, get the SRVANY utility and run:
C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd.exe\" <your tracd parameters>" net start tracd
Attention: Do not use tracd.exe directly. Instead register python.exe directly with tracd.exe as a parameter. If you use tracd.exe, it will spawn the Python process without SRVANY's knowledge. This Python process will survive a net stop tracd.
If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do:
sc config tracd start= auto
The spacing here is important.
Once the service is installed, it might be simpler to run the Registry Editor rather than use the reg add command documented above. Navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters
Three (string) parameters are provided:
| AppDirectory | C:\Python27\ |
| Application | python.exe |
| AppParameters | scripts\tracd.exe -p 8080 ... |
Note that, if the AppDirectory is set as above, the paths of the executable and of the script name and parameter values are relative to the directory. This makes updating Python a little simpler because the change can be limited, here, to a single point. This is true for the path to the .htpasswd file as well, despite the documentation calling out the /full/path/to/htpasswd; however, you may not wish to store that file under the Python directory.
For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use WINSERV utility and run:
"C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd.exe <your tracd parameters>" net start tracd
Option 2
Use WindowsServiceScript, available at Trac Hacks. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
Option 3
also cygwin's cygrunsrv.exe can be used:
$ cygrunsrv --install tracd --path /cygdrive/c/Python27/Scripts/tracd.exe --args '--port 8000 --env-parent-dir E:\IssueTrackers\Trac\Projects' $ net start tracd
Using Authentication
Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (htpasswd and htdigest) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. It is also possible to create the password file without htpasswd or htdigest; see below for alternatives.
Attention: Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like ext2 or ext3 on Linux, or HFS+ on OSX).
Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace --auth with --basic-auth in the command line.
The general format for using authentication is:
$ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path
where:
- base_project_dir: the base directory of the project specified as follows:
- when serving multiple projects: relative to the
project_path - when serving only a single project (
-s): the name of the project directory
- when serving multiple projects: relative to the
Don't use an absolute path here as this won't work. Note: This parameter is case-sensitive even for environments on Windows.
- password_file_path: path to the password file
- realm: the realm name (can be anything)
- project_path: path of the project
--authin the above means use Digest authentication, replace--authwith--basic-authif you want to use Basic auth. Although Basic authentication does not require a "realm", the command parser does, so the second comma is required, followed directly by the closing quote for an empty realm name.
Examples:
$ tracd -p 8080 \ --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1
Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project:
$ tracd -p 8080 \ --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \ --auth="project2,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \ /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name:
$ tracd -p 8080 \ --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \ /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file
This section describes how to use tracd with Apache .htpasswd files.
Note: On Windows It is necessary to install the passlib package in order to decode some htpasswd formats. Only SHA-1 passwords (since Trac 1.0) work without this module.
To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's htpasswd command (see below for a method to create these files without using Apache):
$ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username
then for additional users:
$ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2
Then to start tracd run something like this:
$ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /path/to/project
For example:
$ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /path/to/project
Note: You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file
If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read this page from the Apache manual to get precise instructions. You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create. For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like users.htdigest it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the trac.ini file.
Note that you can start tracd without the --auth argument, but if you click on the Login link you will get an error.
Generating Passwords Without Apache
Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this online HTTP Password generator which also supports SHA-1. Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd. Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
Trac also provides htpasswd and htdigest scripts in contrib (also available in the tar or zip archive):
$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -cb htpasswd user1 user1 $ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -b htpasswd user2 user2
$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -cb htdigest trac user1 user1 $ ./contrib/htdigest.py -b htdigest trac user2 user2
Using md5sum
It is possible to use md5sum utility to generate digest-password file:
user=
realm=
password=
path_to_file=
echo ${user}:${realm}:$(printf "${user}:${realm}:${password}" | md5sum - | sed -e 's/\s\+-//') > ${path_to_file}
Reference
Here's the online help, as a reminder (tracd -h or tracd --help):
usage: tracd [-h] [--version] [-e PARENTDIR | -s]
[-a DIGESTAUTH | --basic-auth BASICAUTH] [-p PORT] [-b HOSTNAME]
[--protocol {http,https,scgi,ajp,fcgi}] [--certfile CERTFILE]
[--keyfile KEYFILE] [-q] [--base-path BASE_PATH]
[--http10 | --http11] [-r | -d] [--pidfile PIDFILE] [--umask MASK]
[--group GROUP] [--user USER]
[envs ...]
positional arguments:
envs path of the project environment(s)
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--version show program's version number and exit
-e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir PARENTDIR
parent directory of the project environments
-s, --single-env only serve a single project without the project list
-a DIGESTAUTH, --auth DIGESTAUTH
[projectdir],[htdigest_file],[realm]
--basic-auth BASICAUTH
[projectdir],[htpasswd_file],[realm]
-p PORT, --port PORT the port number to bind to
-b HOSTNAME, --hostname HOSTNAME
the host name or IP address to bind to
--protocol {http,https,scgi,ajp,fcgi}
the server protocol (default: http)
--certfile CERTFILE PEM certificate file for HTTPS
--keyfile KEYFILE PEM key file for HTTPS
-q, --unquote unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using the ajp
protocol)
--base-path BASE_PATH
the initial portion of the request URL's "path"
--http10 use HTTP/1.0 protocol instead of HTTP/1.1
--http11 use HTTP/1.1 protocol (default)
-r, --auto-reload restart automatically when sources are modified
-d, --daemonize run in the background as a daemon
--pidfile PIDFILE file to write pid when daemonizing
--umask MASK when daemonizing, file mode creation mask to use, in
octal notation (default: 022)
--group GROUP the group to run as
--user USER the user to run as
Use the -d option so that tracd doesn't hang if you close the terminal window where tracd was started.
Tips
Serving static content
If tracd is the only web server used for the project, it can also be used to distribute static content, such as tarballs, Doxygen documentation, etc.
This static content should be put in the $TRAC_ENV/htdocs folder, and is accessed by URLs like <project_URL>/chrome/site/....
Example: given a $TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz file, the corresponding relative URL would be /<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz, which in turn can be written as htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz (TracLinks syntax) or [/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz] (relative link syntax).
Using tracd behind a proxy
In some situations when you choose to use tracd behind Apache or another web server.
In this situation, you might experience issues with redirects, like being redirected to URLs with the wrong host or protocol. In this case (and only in this case), setting the [trac] use_base_url_for_redirect to true can help, as this will force Trac to use the value of [trac] base_url for doing the redirects.
If you're using the AJP protocol to connect with tracd (which is possible if you have flup installed), then you might experience problems with double quoting. Consider adding the --unquote parameter.
See also TracOnWindowsIisAjp, TracNginxRecipe.
Authentication for tracd behind a proxy
It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using --basic-auth. See also #9206.
Below is example configuration based on Apache 2.2, mod_proxy, mod_authnz_ldap.
First we bring tracd into Apache's location namespace.
<Location /project/proxified>
Require ldap-group cn=somegroup, ou=Groups,dc=domain.com
Require ldap-user somespecificusertoo
ProxyPass http://localhost:8101/project/proxified/
# Turns out we don't really need complicated RewriteRules here at all
RequestHeader set REMOTE_USER %{REMOTE_USER}s
</Location>
Then we need a single file plugin to recognize HTTP_REMOTE_USER header as valid authentication source. HTTP headers like HTTP_FOO_BAR will get converted to Foo-Bar during processing. Name it something like remote-user-auth.py and drop it into proxified/plugins directory:
from trac.core import *
from trac.config import BoolOption
from trac.web.api import IAuthenticator
class MyRemoteUserAuthenticator(Component):
implements(IAuthenticator)
obey_remote_user_header = BoolOption('trac', 'obey_remote_user_header', 'false',
"""Whether the 'Remote-User:' HTTP header is to be trusted for user logins
(''since ??.??').""")
def authenticate(self, req):
if self.obey_remote_user_header and req.get_header('Remote-User'):
return req.get_header('Remote-User')
return None
Add this new parameter to your TracIni:
[trac] ... obey_remote_user_header = true ...
Run tracd:
tracd -p 8101 -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
Note that if you want to install this plugin for all projects, you have to put it in your global plugins_directory and enable it in your global trac.ini.
Global config (e.g. /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini):
[components] remote-user-auth.* = enabled [inherit] plugins_dir = /srv/trac/plugins [trac] obey_remote_user_header = true
Environment config (e.g. /srv/trac/envs/myenv):
[inherit] file = /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini
Serving a different base path than /
Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is:
$ tracd --base-path=/some/path
See also: TracInstall, TracCgi, TracModPython, TracGuide, Running tracd.exe as a Windows service
